If you have space, I recommend planting with two types of summer garden in mind. Plant an early season garden where you can be harvesting within 3o days and plant a late season garden where you will be harvesting at the end of summer. That way you can be harvesting all throughout the season and also grow summer crops to save for the winter months. However, crops that can grow year around such as lettuce, radishes, beets, carrots, etc. should be planted in successions to get a constant harvest.
But here are the basics to planning a garden:
First, get a general idea of what you'd like to plant. Decide on what vegetables you can grow and what you'd like to eat. Pick a wide variety of vegetables. (I've listed all the spring and summer crops at the bottom of this email.)
Second, read about all different varieties you'd like to try and pick the ones that suites your fancy. But make sure you consider your growing conditions before choosing your variety. Especially when selecting heirlooms, check to see where they originated. A variety breed to succeed in the deep south with hot summers will not be so productive in coastal weather; however, varieties that originate from up north or mountain regions may do better in cooler summer temperatures.
Third, once you've select which plants you're interested in growing start planning out your garden. Consider how big your plant will be once it's fully grown, and how long it will be till the plant reaches the size. Using the recommended spacing information on the seed package will give you an idea of how big the plant will grow and how far the next plant should be planted. However, there's a loop hole to this rule.
For example a fully established tomato plant can be 3ft in diameter, but takes 2-3 month to reach that size. So you wouldn't want to plant a squash right next to it which grows at a similar pace. But you can maximize your plot by planting lettuce, radish, spinach, basil, or parsley within the potential growth zone since they will grow much faster than the tomato and will probably be done by the time your tomato and squash reach its full size.
Or consider the three sister's method. Plant the corn first. Allow it to get a head start. Plant pole beans under the corn once the corn is at least a foot to foot and a half tall. The bean will utilize the corn to grow up. Plant a vining melon at one corner of the plot once the bean's sprouted. As the melon grows it will shade out the ground keeping it most and controlling the weeds. However, if the melon is planted too early then it will shade out the beans and corn. If the beans are planted too early it will choke the young corn.
Fourth, its important to try to keep most of your plot planted. This will ensure that the soil will be shaded more which will decrease the amount of evaporation. Google "companion plants" and see what types of plants will grow well with each other and fill in the gaps of your garden.
Other words of wisdom:
1. Cucumbers, melons, and other vining vegetables. Look for varieties that don't vine, but grow in compact bush type if space is limited. Also get creative by training your vines to grow on a fence.
2. Green vegetables. Probably the best thing to plant for small gardeners. They will probably be your most productive producers. Swiss chard and kale are slow to bolt and can grow for over a year. During the summer time look for bolt resistant varieties of lettuce and spinach.
3. Tomatoes. Determinate varieties are easier to manage for first time gardeners and can be grown in pots. Indeterminate varieties can grow tall and unruly. They don't do so well in pots and need to be trained. But the way a tomato grows does not dictate the deliciousness of the tomato. Try to select tomatoes that will mature during different parts of the season. I always try to go for one cherry tomato (they are usually very early), one beefy slicing tomato that will be early in the season (Early Girl), and at least one late season tomato.
4. Peppers need at least 70-75F consistently to germinate. So they will need to be started indoors then moved outside. If you put seeds directly into the ground you may be waiting till June before they actually come up.
5. Eggplants. Same for peppers, but are even harder to start from seed. Don't let this discourage you, a healthy plant can give you eggplants well into November if it gets 75+ days and warm nights.
6. Plant some edible flowers. Flowers are an important part of gardening. They attract beneficial insects while some can deter pests. I always try to plant dual purpose flowers in my garden. Dual purpose: ones that you can eat the green, seeds, flowers, or roots while at the same time can be used as cut flowers. Of course all vegetables will flower over time, but some such as lettuce, mustard greens, turnips, and brassicas (think small seeds) are very invasive when they start flowering so you rather not let them do so. If you have a shady spot in your garden, its a perfect place to tuck away some shade loving flowers. (There arn't too many shade loving vegetables.)
7. Dry Beans, winter squash, popcorn or flour corn varieties, several varieties of blackeye peas (or cowpeas), peppers, and pumpkins have long growth days and are great for growing all summer to harvest in the fall. Snap beans, green beans, summer squash, sweet corn, okra, and eggplants are usually better utilized as short growing day plants.
8. Pick your vegetables. Although it is pleasing to walk out and see our garden full of vegetables, more you pick it the more your plants will produce. However, don't be hasty about picking more vegetables than you're planning on eating. Most heirloom and homegrown vegetables do not always store well and will loose their flavor quickly if you don't eat them right away. Most squash will store from a month up to... 6 months.
9. Be sure to save some space for herbs. And try to plant companion herbs close to your main vegetables. I.e. Basil, parsley, and chives all have similar watering needs as your tomatoes, and they helps improve the flavor of your tomatoes. However, plan on planting your thyme, rosemary, sage, and oregano in a dryer part of your plot.
Happy Gardening,
Earl K.
PS If you have any questions regarding planting, choosing the right variety, etc. feel free to email me.
Examples of Spring/Summer Crops:
Beans
Beets
Collards
Cucumber
Eggplant
Herbs
Kale
Kohlrabi
Leek
Lettuce
Melons
Mustard Greens
Okra
Onions
Parsley
Peppers
Pumpkins
Radish
Spinach
Squash
Sweet Corn
Swiss Chard
Tomatoes